the introduction

in-ductĭo, ōnis, f. [id.], a leading [p. 938] or bringing into, introducing, admission (class.).

Lit.:

nos aquarum inductionibus terris fecunditatem damus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 60, 152:

horum (juvenum in circum),

introduction, exhibition, Liv. 44, 9, 5;

so on the stage: ficta personarum,

Cic. de Or. 3, 53, 205:

prima trullis frequentetur inductio,

a plastering, Pall. 1, 15.—Of a striking out, erasing of writing (cf. induco, 1. C. 3.):

lituras, inductiones, superductiones ipse feci,

Dig. 28, 4, 1.—

Transf., concr.

An awning drawn over a theatre to protect the audience from the sun, Vitr. 10 praef.—

A fomentation, Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 27, 216.—

Trop.

In gen. (acc. to induco II. B. 2. b.), a purpose, resolution, inclination, intention:

animi,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 11, 32; id. Fam. 1, 8, 2:

cedet profecto virtuti dolor et animi inductione languescet,

id. Tusc. 2, 13, 31.—

In partic., rhet. t. t.

Induction, a mode of reasoning from known particulars to generals, the Gr. epagôgê, Cic. Top. 10, 42; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; Quint. 5, 10, 73; 5, 11, 2 sq.:

erroris,

id. 9, 1, 31.—

Personarum ficta, = prosôpopoiïa, the introduction of a fictitious person, Cic. de Or. 3, 53, 205.—

Erroris inductio, = apoplanêsis, a leading into error, misguiding, Cic. de Or. 3, 53, 205.—

An assumption, supposition, Prisc. 1144 P.

cŏm-ĭtĭum, ii, n. [locus a coëundo, id est insimul veniendo, est dictus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 38, 12 Müll.; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 155 id.: comitium ab eo quod coibant eo comitiis curiatis, et litium causā].

In sing., the place for the assembling of the Romans voting by the curiœ situated near the Forum, and separated from it by the ancient Rostra, but sometimes considered as a part of the Forum in a more extended sense (hence, in Dion. Halic. ho kratistos and o epiphanestatos tês agoras topos: IN COMITIO AVT IN FORO, XII. Tab. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20; Cic. Sest. 35, 75; id. Verr. 2, 1, 22, § 58; id. Brut. 84, 289; Liv. 1, 36, 5; 27, 36, 8; 10, 24, 18; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 9 et saep.; cf. Dict. of Antiq.—

Transf., any place of assembly out of Rome;

so of the Ephoreum at Sparta,

Nep. Ages. 4, 2.—

Trop.:

quod (es) esset animi vestibulum et orationis janua et cogitationum comitium,

App. Mag. 7, p. 278, 1; so, sacri pectoris, Mam. Grat. Act. ad Jul. 15.—

Plur.: cŏmĭtĭa (access. form cŏmĭtĭae, Fratr. Arval. ap. Marin. p. 43; Gloss. Labb. p. 33), the assembly of the Romans for electing magistrates, etc., the comitia. —The comitia were of three kinds.

Comitia curiata, the most ancient, voting by curiæ, held in the comitium (v. I.), gradually restricted by,

The Comitia centuriata, the proper assembly of the populus Romanus, voting by centuries, instituted by Servius Tullius, continuing through the whole time of the republic, commonly held in the Campus Martius (not in the comitium, as is asserted by many from the similarity of the name; cf.

campus, II.),

Gell. 15, 27, 2 sqq.; Cic. Agr. 2, 11, 27; id. Dom. 14, 38; Liv. 5, 52, 15; cf. Cic. Leg. 3, 19, 44.—

Comitia tributa, voting by tribes, and commonly held in the Forum, but in choosing magistrates, freq. in the Campus Martius, convened for the first time in the trial of Coriolanus, two years after the introduction of the office of tribune of the people. In them the inferior magistrates (ædiles, tribunes of the people, quæstors), and, later, the Pontifex Maximus also, were chosen, Cic. Leg. 3, 19, 45; id. Agr. 2, 11, 27; Liv. 2, 58, 1; 2, 60, 4; Gell. 15, 27, 3; cf.

Dict. of Antiq.—Upon the comitia calata, v. 1, calo.—The usual t. t. for holding such comitia is: comitia habere,

Cic. Div. 2, 18, 43; freq. in all periods;

they were designated according to the magistrates who were to be chosen in them, as consularia,

Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 17; id. Mur. 18, 38:

praetoria,

Liv. 10, 22, 8:

tribunicia,

Cic. Att. 1, 1, 1; Liv. 6, 39, 11:

militaria,

Liv. 3, 51, 8:

quaestoria,

Cic. Fam. 7, 30, 1; cf.

also: comitia consulum,

Liv. 3, 20, 8; and:

comitia fiunt regi creando,

id. 1, 35, 1:

edicere comitia consulibus creandis,

id. 3, 37, 5:

comitia conficere,

Cic. Fam. 10, 36, 12:

differre,

Liv. 6, 37, 12:

dimittere,

Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:

ducere,

id. ib. 4, 15, 7:

inire,

Suet. Vesp. 5.—

Transf., of other elections, out of Rome, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 129; Liv. 42, 43, 7; Tab. Heracl. v. 24 sq.—

Trop.:

ibo intro, ubi de capite meo sunt comitia, i. e.,

where my fate is deciding, Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 20:

Pseudulus mihi centuriata capitis habuit comitia,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 134:

meo illic nunc sunt capiti comitia,

id. Truc. 4, 3, 45.

R, r, indecl. n. or (sc. littera) f.

The seventeenth letter of the Latin alphabet, which derives its form from the Greek P, but is not, like that, aspirated. Thus Burrus, arrabo, were originally written for Purros, arrabôn. In words borrowed from the Greek, an h was subsequently appended to the r, as a sign of the spiritus asper. On account of its vibratory sound, resembling the snarling of a dog, r is called by Persius littera canina, Sat. 1, 109; cf. Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 100 P. —

In many words, r medial and final (but not initial) represents an original s. Tradition ascribes the introduction of r for s to Appius Claudius Caecus, consul 446 and 457 A. U. C., or to L. Papirius Crassus, consul 417 A. U. C., Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 36; Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 2. Examples of a change of s into r are: asa, lases, plusima, meliosem, meliosibus, foedesum, Fusius, Papisius, Valesius, fusvos, janitos, into ara, lares, plurima, meliorem, melioribus, foederum, Furius, Papirius, Valerius, furvus, janitor; heri (compared with hesternus and the Greek chthes); so, too, dirimo is formed from dis-emo. Cf. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll.; Cic. l. l.; Quint. 1, 4, 13; Ter. Scaur. p. 2252 and 2258 P.; Fest. s. v. Aureliam, p. 20; R pro S, p. 134; pignosa, p. 198. Both sounds have maintained their place in some substantives of the third declension ending in or or os (arbor, color, honor, labor, lepor, etc., and also arbos, colos, honos, labos, lepos, etc.); so in quaeso, quaesumus, also written quaero, quaerimus; cf. nasus and naris, pulvis and pulver, etc.— The converse change of an original r into s appears very doubtful. Forms like hesternus (from heri), festus (also feriae), ustum (from uro), etc., indicate rather an original s, when compared with arbustum also arboretum, and majusculus also major.— For the relation of the r to d and l, v. D and L. —

R is assimilated,

Most freq. before l: libellus, tenellus, intellego, pellicio, from liber, tener, inter-lego, per-lacio, v. the art. per. —

Before s: dossuarius, from dorsum. —

R is elided in pejero (from perjuro), and in the forms crebesco, rubesco, susum, also written crebresco, rubresco, sursum, etc. —

As an abbreviation, R. signifies Romanus, also Rufus, recte, reficiendum, regnum, ripa, et mult. al.; R.P. respublica; R.R. rationes relatae (cf. Fest. p. 228 Müll.).

R, r, indecl. n. or (sc. littera) f.

The seventeenth letter of the Latin alphabet, which derives its form from the Greek P, but is not, like that, aspirated. Thus Burrus, arrabo, were originally written for Purros, arrabôn. In words borrowed from the Greek, an h was subsequently appended to the r, as a sign of the spiritus asper. On account of its vibratory sound, resembling the snarling of a dog, r is called by Persius littera canina, Sat. 1, 109; cf. Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 100 P. —

In many words, r medial and final (but not initial) represents an original s. Tradition ascribes the introduction of r for s to Appius Claudius Caecus, consul 446 and 457 A. U. C., or to L. Papirius Crassus, consul 417 A. U. C., Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 36; Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 2. Examples of a change of s into r are: asa, lases, plusima, meliosem, meliosibus, foedesum, Fusius, Papisius, Valesius, fusvos, janitos, into ara, lares, plurima, meliorem, melioribus, foederum, Furius, Papirius, Valerius, furvus, janitor; heri (compared with hesternus and the Greek chthes); so, too, dirimo is formed from dis-emo. Cf. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Müll.; Cic. l. l.; Quint. 1, 4, 13; Ter. Scaur. p. 2252 and 2258 P.; Fest. s. v. Aureliam, p. 20; R pro S, p. 134; pignosa, p. 198. Both sounds have maintained their place in some substantives of the third declension ending in or or os (arbor, color, honor, labor, lepor, etc., and also arbos, colos, honos, labos, lepos, etc.); so in quaeso, quaesumus, also written quaero, quaerimus; cf. nasus and naris, pulvis and pulver, etc.— The converse change of an original r into s appears very doubtful. Forms like hesternus (from heri), festus (also feriae), ustum (from uro), etc., indicate rather an original s, when compared with arbustum also arboretum, and majusculus also major.— For the relation of the r to d and l, v. D and L. —

R is assimilated,

Most freq. before l: libellus, tenellus, intellego, pellicio, from liber, tener, inter-lego, per-lacio, v. the art. per. —

Before s: dossuarius, from dorsum. —

R is elided in pejero (from perjuro), and in the forms crebesco, rubesco, susum, also written crebresco, rubresco, sursum, etc. —

As an abbreviation, R. signifies Romanus, also Rufus, recte, reficiendum, regnum, ripa, et mult. al.; R.P. respublica; R.R. rationes relatae (cf. Fest. p. 228 Müll.).

Faunus, i, m. [faveo], a mythic son of Picus, grandson of Saturn, and father of Latinus, king of Latium; he instituted tillage and grazing, and after death was the protecting deity of agriculture and of shepherds, and also a giver of oracles; after the introduction of the worship of Pan into Italy, he was identified with Pan, and accordingly represented, like the latter, with horns and goats' feet, Lact. 1, 24; Cic. N. D. 3, 6, 15; Verg. A. 7, 48; 81; Ov. F. 2, 193; 3, 312 sq.; Prop. 4 (5), 2, 34; id. H. 5, 138; Hor. C. 1, 4, 11; 1, 17, 2; 3, 18, 1 et saep. On account of the assimilation of Faunus to Pan, the appellation Fauni was also used for Panes, sylvan deities, Lucr. 4, 581; Ov. M. 6, 392; 1, 193; Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 4; id. A. P. 244; Enn. ap. Cic. Brut. 19, 76 (Ann. v. 222 ed. Vahl.); Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6; id. Div. 1, 45, 101.—

Derivv.

Faunĭus, a, um, adj., pertaining to Faunus: versus, Victorinn. p. 2586 P.—

‡ Faunālĭa, ium, n., the festival celebrated on the nones of December, in honor of Faunus, acc. to Porphyr. and Acro, Hor. C. 3, 18, 1 and 10.

pungo, pŭpŭgi, punctum, 3 (old fut. perf. pepugero, Att. ap. Gell. 7, 9, 10; perf. punxi, acc. to Diom. p. 369 P.:

pupungi, in pungit, punxit, pupungit,

Not. Tir. p. 131; scanned pŭpūgi, Prud. steph. 9, 59), v. a. [root pug-, to thrust, strike, whence also pugil, pugnus; Gr. pux, etc.], to prick, puncture (class.).

Lit.:

aliquem,

Cic. Sest. 10, 24:

acu comatoriā mihi malas pungebat,

Petr. 21:

vulnus quod acu punctum videretur,

Cic. Mil. 24, 65.—

Transf.

To pierce into, penetrate, enter:

corpus,

Lucr. 2, 460 (v. the passage in connection).—

To affect sensibly, to sting, bite: ut pungat colubram: cum pupugerit, etc., Varr. ap. Prisc. p. 894 P.:

pungunt sensum,

Lucr. 4, 625:

aliquem manu,

to pinch, Petr. 87 fin.:

nitrum adulteratum pungit,

has a pungent taste, Plin. 31, 10, 46, § 114.—

To press, hasten:

futura pungunt, nec se superari sinunt,

Pub. Syr. v. 177 Rib.—

Trop., to prick, sting, vex, grieve, trouble, disturb, afflict, mortify, annoy, etc.:

scrupulus aliquem stimulat ac pungit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:

epistula illa ita me pupugit, ut somnum mihi ademerit,

id. Att. 2, 16, 1:

jamdudum meum ille pectus pungit aculeus,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 158:

pungit me, quod scribis, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 7, 15, 1:

si paupertas momordit, si ignominia pupugit,

id. Tusc. 3, 34, 82:

quos tamen pungit aliquid,

id. ib. 5, 35, 102:

odi ego, quos numquam pungunt suspiria somnos,

Prop. 3, 8 (4, 7), 27. —Hence, punctus, a, um, P. a., pricked in, like a point; hence, of time: puncto tempore (cf.: puncto temporis; v. infra), in an instant, in a moment (only in Lucr.), Lucr. 2, 263; 456; 1006; 4, 216; 6, 230.—Hence, subst. in two forms.

punctum, i, n., that which is pricked or pricked in, a point, small hole, puncture.

Lit. (very rare), Mart. 11, 45, 6.—

Transf.

A point, small spot (as if made by pricking):

ova punctis distincta,

Plin. 10, 52, 74, § 144:

gemma sanguineis punctis,

id. 37, 8, 34, § 113:

puncta quae terebrantur acu,

Mart. 11, 46, 2:

ferream frontem convulnerandam praebeant punctis,

i. e. with the marks of slavery, Plin. Pan. 35.—

In partic.

A point made in writing, Aus. Epigr. 35, 1; 145, 5;

as a punctuation mark,

Diom. p. 432 P.—

A mathematical point. Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 116.—

A point or spot on dice: quadringenis in punctum sestertiis aleam lusit, Suet. Ner. [p. 1492] 30; Aus. Prof. 1, 29.—

A point or dot as the sign of a vote, made in a waxen tablet, before the introduction of separate ballots;

hence, transf.,

a vote, suffrage, ballot, Cic. Planc. 22, 53; id. Mur. 34, 72; id. Tusc. 2, 26, 62.—Hence, poet., applause, approbation:

omne tulit punctum qui miscuit utile dulci,

Hor. A. P. 343:

discedo Alcaeus puncto illius,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 99; Aus. Grat. Act. ad Grat. 5.—

A point on the bar of a steelyard, indicating the weight:

diluis helleborum, certo compescere puncto nescius examen,

Pers. 5, 100.—

A small part of any thing divided or measured off, e.g.,

A small weight, Pers. 5, 100.—

A small liquid measure, Front. Aquaed. 25.—

A small portion of time, an instant, a moment (cf. momentum):

puncto temporis eodem,

in the same moment, Cic. Sest. 24, 53; cf.:

ne punctum quidem temporis,

id. Phil. 8, 7, 20; Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 7:

nullo puncto temporis intermisso,

id. N. D. 1, 20, 52; Caes. B. C. 2, 14.—In plur.:

omnibus minimis temporum punctis,

Cic. N. D. 1, 24, 67:

animi discessus a corpore fit ad punctum temporis,

id. Tusc. 1, 34, 82:

temporis puncto omnes Uticam relinquunt,

Caes. B. C. 2, 25 fin.; Plin. Pan. 56:

horae,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 172:

diei,

Lucr. 4, 201.—Rarely absol.:

punctum est quod vivimus et adhuc puncto minus,

Sen. Ep. 49, 14, 3:

puncto brevissimo dilapsa domus,

App. M. 9, p. 235, 30; cf.:

quod momentum, quod immo temporis punctum, aut beneficio sterile aut vacuum laude,

Plin. Pan. 56, 2; Vulg. Isa. 54, 7.—

In space, a point:

ipsa terra ita mihi parva visa est, ut me imperii nostri, quo quasi punctum ejus attingimus, poeniteret,

Cic. Rep. 6, 16, 16.—

In discourse, a small portion, brief clause, short section, Cic. Par. prooem. § 2; id. de Or. 2, 41, 177; Aus. Idyll. 12 prooem.—

puncta, ae, f. (very rare), a prick, puncture, Veg. Mil. 1, 12.

jŭbĕo, jussi, jussum (jusso for jussero, Verg. A. 11, 467; Sil. 12, 175:

justi for jussisti,

Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 15.— Inf.:

jusse,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 48:

jussitur for jubetur,

Cato, R. R. 14), 2, v. a. [perh. = jus habere, to regard as right, hence], to order one to do something, to bid, tell, command (syn.: mando, impero, praecipio).

In gen.:

jubesne? jubeo, cogo atque impero,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 97:

ut justi (jussisti),

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 85:

defessa jubendo, est saeva Jovis conjux,

Ov. M. 9, 198:

sic jubeo, stat pro ratione voluntas,

Juv. 6, 223.

With an objectclause:

jubeto, istos foras exire,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 16:

hae me litterae Dolabellae jubent ad pristinas cogitationes reverti,

Cic. Att. 9, 13, 2:

Perdicca pueros equos jussit conscendere,

Curt. 10, 8, 4:

eos suum adventum exspectare jussit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 27 so with pass.:

deos iratos Tarentinis relinqui jussit,

Liv. 27, 16, 8.—

With ut or ne:

jubet sententiam ut dicat suam,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 50:

jubere ut haec quoque referret, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 12, § 28; Liv. 28, 36, 2; Curt. 8, 5, 38; 5, 13, 19; Suet. Tib. 22:

jussitque ut quae venissent naves Euboeam peterent,

Liv. 32, 16; Hor. S. 1, 4, 121.—

Esp. of decrees of the people: senatus decrevit populusque jussit, ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 67, § 161; id. Pis. 29, 72; id. Dom. 17, 44; Gell. 5, 19 (cf. II. B. infra):

quod ne fieret, consules jusserunt,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 52. —

With subj. alone (ante-class. and postAug., Madv. Gr. §

390): jube, mihi denuo respondeat,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 24; Liv. 30, 19, 2; 24, 10, 4; cf. esp. Ter. Eun. 3, 27, 3 sq. Weissenb.;

28, 36, 2: rescribat multa jubeto,

Ov. Am. 1, 11, 19; id. M. 8, 795: 11, 588 al.—

With dat. pers.:

qui scribae... deos iratos Tarentinis relinqui jussit,

Liv. 27, 16, 8:

Hercules sacrorum custodibus jussit, ne mulierem interesse permitterent,

Macr. S. 1, 12, 28:

quibus jusserat, ut instantibus resisterent,

Tac. A. 13, 40:

Britannico jussit, exsurgeret,

id. ib. 13, 15:

suis rex cultu feminarum abstinere jussit,

Curt. 5, 6, 8.—

With acc. pers. vel rei:

jube famulos, rem divinam mihi apparent,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 71:

litterae non quae te aliquid juberent, sed, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 26:

sed tu jussisses Eurysthea,

Mart. 9, 66, 7:

neque jubere caedem fratris palam audebat,

Tac. A. 13, 15:

Nero jussit scelera,

id. Agr. 45.—

With acc. rei and dat. pers.:

tributum iis Drusus jusserat modicum,

imposed, Tac. A. 4, 72; cf.

II. B. 2. infra: pacem jubebo Omnibus,

Stat. Th. 7, 32.—

Pass.:

quod jussi sunt faciunt,

Caes. B. G. 3, 6:

consules jubentur scribere exercitum,

Liv. 3, 30:

opto ut ea potissimum jubear, quae, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 9, 26:

Germanos non juberi, non regi,

Tac. H. 4, 76:

jussi sunt aegri deferri,

Suet. Tib. 11; cf.:

locus lautiaque legatis praeberi jussa,

Liv. 28, 39, 19.—

In partic.

To wish, desire, entreat, bid:

jubeto habere bonum animum,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 2:

sperare nos amici jubent,

Cic. Fam. 14, 1, 2: valde jubeo gaudere te, id. ib. 7, 2, 3:

Caesar te sine cura esse jussit,

id. Att. 12, 6, 3:

Dionysium jube salvere,

salute him for me, id. ib. 4, 14. —So ellipt.:

jubeo Chremetem,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 1.—

In polit. lang.

To order, decree, ratify, approve the introduction of a proposed law:

quae scisceret plebs aut quae populus juberet,

Cic. Flac. 7, 15; Sall. J. 40, 3:

legem populus Romanus jussit de civitate tribuenda,

Cic. Balb. 17, 38:

dicere apud populum de legibus jubendis aut vetandis,

id. de Or. 1, 14, 60.— Absol. with de:

de omnibus his—populum jussisse,

Liv. 38, 45.—

To designate, appoint, assign:

Tullum Hostilium regem populus jussit,

Liv. 1, 22, 1 Weissenb.:

id modo excepere ne postea eosdem tribunos juberent,

id. 3, 30:

quem vos imperatorem jussistis,

Sall. J. 85, 11:

postquam ei provinciam Numidiam populus jussit,

allotted, id. ib. 84, 1.—

Hence the formula, Velitis, jubeatis, with which the magistrates called upon the people to confirm any thing proposed to them:

rogationem promulgavit: vellent, juberent Philippo regi bellum indici,

Liv. 31, 6.—

Med. t. t., to prescribe, order:

quod jussi ei dari bibere, date,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 4; Petr. 56, 3:

aegrotus, qui jussus sit vinum sumere,

Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 78.—

Transf.:

qui modo, si volucres habuissem regna jubentes, In populo potui maximus esse meo,

Ov. F. 5, 461.

exordĭum, ii, n. [exordior, I.].

Prop., the beginning, the warp of a web (rare):

non possum togam praetextam sperare, cum exordium pullum videam,

Quint. 5, 10, 71.—

Transf., in gen., a beginning, commencement (the usual meaning; syn.: initium, principium, primordium): neve inde navis inchoandae exordium Coepisset, quae, etc., Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 22, 34 (Trag. v. 282 ed. Vahl.):

hujus quoque exordium mali, quoniam principium boni diximus, explicemus,

Cic. Inv. 1, 3, 3; cf.: institutae rei publicae clarum ac tam omnibus notum, id. Rep. 2, 2:

a qua totius vitae ducat exor dium,

id. Fin. 5, 7, 18; cf.:

a quibus tempo ribus scribendi capiat exordium,

id. Leg. 1, 3, 8:

paene ab exordio Urbis,

Suet. Vesp. 8; id. Tib. 42:

tertius (annus) a prima vigilia sumens exordium,

Amm. 26, 1, 9.—In plur.:

rerum,

Lucr. 2, 333; 3, 31; 4, 114; cf. Verg. E. 6, 33:

priva animaï,

Lucr. 3, 380:

solis lunaeque,

id. 5, 471:

rationis,

id. 1, 149:

primae pugnae,

Verg. A. 7, 40 et saep.—

In partic., of speech:

saepe animadverti, summos oratores in dicendi exordio permoveri,

Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 122:

ergo ita nascetur exordium,

id. Tusc. 1, 4 fin. —As part of a speech or writing, the introduction, exordium, proëm, preface (syn.:

prooemium, praefatio, prologus): exordium est principium orationis, per quod animus auditoris aut judicis constituitur vel apparatur ad audiendum,

Auct. Her. 1, 3, 4; cf. Quint. 4, 1, 1 sq.:

tum denique id, quod primum est dicendum, postremum soleo cogitare, quo utar exordio,

Cic. de Or. 2, 77 fin.:

proximus liber a prima parte, id est exordio incipiet,

Quint. 3, 11, 28; 1, 12, 19:

in exordio pro Milone,

id. 9, 4, 133; 9, 4, 74 et saep.— In plur., Quint. 11, 3, 161:

quae prima exordia sumat?

Verg. A. 4, 284.—

Transf., a writing, treatise, in gen., Col. 5, 11, 13; 7, 5, 1; 7, 12, 1 al.

nŭmĕrĭus, a, um, adj. [id.], of or belonging to number, numeral:

aestimatio,

Jul. Val. Res Gest. Alex. M. 3, 58 Mai.

Nŭmĕrĭus, ii, m., abbrev. N., a Roman praenomen: qui celeriter erant nati, fere Numerios praenominabant, Varr. ap. Non. 352, 29. Concerning the introduction of this praenomen into the Fabian gens, v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 170 Müll. So, Numerius (abbrev. N.) Fabius Buteo, Liv. 41, 28:

N. Fabius Vibulanus,

a consul, id. 4, 43:

Numerius, Numestius,

Cic. Att. 2, 22, 7; 24, 1, 5.—( Fem. Numeria was not in use, Varr. L. L. 9, § 55 Müll.)

Nŭmĕrĭus, a, the name of a Roman gens. So, Q. Numerius Rufus, a tribune of the people, A. U. C. 697, an enemy of Cicero, Cic. Sest. 33, 72; 38, 82; 43, 94.—Hence,

Nŭmĕrĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Numerius, Numerian:

raudusculum,

Cic. Att. 7, 2, 7.

nŭmĕrĭus, a, um, adj. [id.], of or belonging to number, numeral:

aestimatio,

Jul. Val. Res Gest. Alex. M. 3, 58 Mai.

Nŭmĕrĭus, ii, m., abbrev. N., a Roman praenomen: qui celeriter erant nati, fere Numerios praenominabant, Varr. ap. Non. 352, 29. Concerning the introduction of this praenomen into the Fabian gens, v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 170 Müll. So, Numerius (abbrev. N.) Fabius Buteo, Liv. 41, 28:

N. Fabius Vibulanus,

a consul, id. 4, 43:

Numerius, Numestius,

Cic. Att. 2, 22, 7; 24, 1, 5.—( Fem. Numeria was not in use, Varr. L. L. 9, § 55 Müll.)

Nŭmĕrĭus, a, the name of a Roman gens. So, Q. Numerius Rufus, a tribune of the people, A. U. C. 697, an enemy of Cicero, Cic. Sest. 33, 72; 38, 82; 43, 94.—Hence,

Nŭmĕrĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Numerius, Numerian:

raudusculum,

Cic. Att. 7, 2, 7.

nŭmĕrĭus, a, um, adj. [id.], of or belonging to number, numeral:

aestimatio,

Jul. Val. Res Gest. Alex. M. 3, 58 Mai.

Nŭmĕrĭus, ii, m., abbrev. N., a Roman praenomen: qui celeriter erant nati, fere Numerios praenominabant, Varr. ap. Non. 352, 29. Concerning the introduction of this praenomen into the Fabian gens, v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 170 Müll. So, Numerius (abbrev. N.) Fabius Buteo, Liv. 41, 28:

N. Fabius Vibulanus,

a consul, id. 4, 43:

Numerius, Numestius,

Cic. Att. 2, 22, 7; 24, 1, 5.—( Fem. Numeria was not in use, Varr. L. L. 9, § 55 Müll.)

Nŭmĕrĭus, a, the name of a Roman gens. So, Q. Numerius Rufus, a tribune of the people, A. U. C. 697, an enemy of Cicero, Cic. Sest. 33, 72; 38, 82; 43, 94.—Hence,

Nŭmĕrĭānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to a Numerius, Numerian:

raudusculum,

Cic. Att. 7, 2, 7.

* * *

intrŏĭtus, a, um, Part., from introeo.

intrŏĭtus, ūs, m. [introeo], a going in or into, an entering, entrance (class.).

Lit.:

nocturnus introitus Zmyrnam quasi in hostium urbem,

Cic. Phil. 11, 2, 5:

militum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 21:

in urbem,

id. Dom. 28:

sol in Geminos introitum facit,

enters, Col. 11, 2, 43:

primo statim introitu,

at his very first entrance, Tac. H. 1, 31:

aliquem introitu prohibere,

Cic. Caecin. 13:

cujus in Graeciam,

Just. 2, 11, 1:

introitum alicujus rei pellere,

to keep a thing from entering, Plin. 20, 9, 39, § 101.—With in and abl. (rare):

sol introitum in Cancro facit,

Col. 11, 2, 49.—

Esp., the mouth of a river, its entrance into another:

Averni,

Sil. 13, 398; also as the entrance to it from the sea (cf. B. infra):

Indi,

Plin. 12, 12, 25, § 41 al. —

Transf., a place of entrance, passage:

ad omnes introitus, qua adiri poterat,

Cic. Caecin. 8:

omnes introitus erant praeclusi,

Caes. B. G. 5, 9:

clandestinus,

Suet. Ner. 48:

aures duros et quasi corneolos habere introitus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 57:

portus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 39, 2; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 31, § 80:

aedis,

Nep. Paus. 5, 3:

ad ipsum introitum exspectare macelli,

Juv. 11, 10. —In the abl.:

INTROITO,

Inscr. Orell. 2103. —

Trop.

An entering, entrance upon an office or into a society:

certum aliquid pro introitu dare,

Plin. Ep. 10, 113:

sacerdotii,

Suet. Claud. 9:

militiam illam cum introitu comparari volo,

i. e. entrancemoney, Dig. 32, 1, 102.—

A beginning, introduction, prelude (syn.:

principium, exordium, prooemium): fabulae Clodianae,

Cic. Att. 1, 18:

defensionis,

id. Cael. 2, 3:

in introitu hujus operis,

Plin. 6, 27, 31, § 141.

praefātĭo, ōnis, f. [praefor], a saying beforehand; concr.,

That which is said or repeated beforehand, a form of words (esp. relig. or jurid.), formula:

praefatio donationis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 80, § 186:

sacrorum,

Liv. 45, 5, 4:

ultionis,

Val. Max. 6, 3, 1:

triumphi,

Plin. 7, 26, 27, § 98.—

A preliminary hearing, an introductory address (law t. t.), Dig. 45, 1, 134.—

That which precedes a discourse or writing, a preface, prologue (post-Aug.): vocabula rustica aut externa cum honoris praefatione ponenda, saying, by your leave, Plin. praef. §

13: numquam tristiorem sententiam sine praefatione clementiae pronunciavit,

Suet. Dom. 11:

C. Cassius numquam sine praefatione publici parricidii nominandus,

Val. Max. 2, 8, 8: jucundissime Imperator (sit enim haec tui praefatio verissima), qs. appellation, title, Plin. praef. §

1: nullā praefatione factā judici rem exponere,

without preface, without any introduction, Dig. 1, 2, 1.—Of remarks before a recitation, designed to win the favor or avert the displeasure of hearers, a preface; also of books:

praefationem dicere,

Plin. Ep. 1, 13, 2; 2, 3, 1; 4, 11, 14; 4, 14, 8; Quint. 7, 1, 11; 8, 3, 31; 11, 1, 67; Mart. 3, 18, 1 al.

prolŏgus, i, m., = prologos.

Lit., a preface or introduction to a play, a prologue, Ter. Phorm. prol. 14:

in prologis scribundis operā abutitur,

id. And. prol. 5:

in Hydriae (Menandri) prologo,

Quint. 11, 3, 91:

in prologo Adelphorum,

Suet. Vit. Ter. 2.—

Transf., the player who delivers the prologue:

oratorem esse voluit me, non prologum,

Ter. Heaut. prol. 11; id. Hec. prol. alt. 1 (prō-, v. Wagn. ad Ter. Heaut. prol. 11).

aggressĭo ( adg-), ōnis, f. [aggredior].

A going to or toward a thing (very rare; in the class. per. only in rhet. lang. for a proëm, introduction to a speech, = prooemium): cumque animos primā adgressione occupaverit, infirmabit excludetque contraria, * Cic. Or. 15, 50.—Also a rhetorical syllogism, Gr. epicheirêma, Quint. 5, 10, 4; 28, 14, 27.—

An attack, assault (cf. aggredior, II. B.), App. M. 8, p. 208, 27 Elm.